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Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - Netherlands Antilles (2001)
Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z Netherlands Antilles (2001)
| Arctic Ocean (2001) | Netherlands Antilles (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
note: each island has its own government |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years:
25.21% (male 27,332; female 26,169) 15-64 years: 66.99% (male 67,562; female 74,599) 65 years and over: 7.8% (male 6,874; female 9,690) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit |
| Airports | - | 5 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total:
5 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
14.056 million sq km note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies |
total:
960 sq km land: 960 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten (Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin) |
| Area - comparative | slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US | more than five times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. | Once the center of the Caribbean slave trade, the island of Curacao was hard hit by the abolition of slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of oil refineries to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields. The island of Sint Maarten is shared with France; its northern portion is named Saint Martin and is part of Guadeloupe. |
| Birth rate | - | 16.55 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues:
$710.8 million expenditures: $741.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.) |
| Capital | - | Willemstad |
| Climate | polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow | tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds |
| Coastline | 45,389 km | 364 km |
| Constitution | - | 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended |
| Country name | - | conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Netherlands Antilles local long form: none local short form: Nederlandse Antillen former: Curacao and Dependencies |
| Currency | - | Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG) |
| Death rate | - | 6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $1.35 billion (1996) |
| Dependency status | - | part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 1954; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | chief of mission:
Consul General Barbara J. STEPHENSON consulate(s) general: J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Willemstad AN, Curacao mailing address: P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao telephone: [599] (9) 4613066 FAX: [599] (9) 4616489 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
| Disputes - international | some maritime disputes (see littoral states) | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the Netherlands continued its support with $40 million |
| Economy - overview | Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. | Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Although GDP has declined slightly in each of the past five years, the islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure as compared with other countries in the region. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with Venezuela, the US, and Mexico being the major suppliers. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 1.032 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | - | 1.11 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m |
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Scenery 862 m |
| Environment - current issues | endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack | NA |
| Ethnic groups | - | mixed black 85%, Carib Amerindian, white, East Asian |
| Exchange rates | - | Netherlands Antillean guilders per US dollar - 1.790 (fixed rate since 1989) |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state:
Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Jaime SALEH (since NA October 1989) head of government: Prime Minister Miguel POURIER (since 8 November 1999); Deputy Prime Minister Susanne CAMELIA-ROMER (since NA) note: Miguel POURIER assumed prime ministership following the resignation of Susanne CAMELIA-ROMER cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the Staten elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a six-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually elected prime minister by the Staten; election last held 30 January 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002) note: government coalition - PDB, DP-St. M, FOL, PLKP, PNP |
| Exports | - | $276 million (f.o.b., 2000) |
| Exports - commodities | - | petroleum products |
| Exports - partners | - | US 17.5%, Guatemala 8%, Costa Rica 6.5%, The Bahamas 4.6%, Jamaica 4.1%, Chile 3.4% (1998) |
| Fiscal year | - | calendar year |
| Flag description | - | white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered; five white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $2.4 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture:
1% industry: 15% services: 84% (1996 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $11,400 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | -3.5% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 90 00 N, 0 00 E | 12 15 N, 68 45 W |
| Geography - note | major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months | - |
| Highways | - | total:
600 km paved: 300 km unpaved: 300 km (1992) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | money-laundering center; transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe |
| Imports | - | $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000) |
| Imports - commodities | - | crude petroleum, food, manufactures |
| Imports - partners | - | Venezuela 35.3%, US 21%, Mexico 9.8%, Italy 5.4%, Netherlands 4.8%, Brazil 3.1% (1998) |
| Independence | - | none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | NA% |
| Industries | - | tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao) |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 11.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 6.4% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | Caricom (observer), ECLAC (associate), Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCL, WMO, WToO (associate) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 6 |
| Irrigated land | - | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | - | Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch) |
| Labor force | - | 89,000 |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 1%, industry 13%, services 86% (1994 est.) |
| Land boundaries | - | total:
10.2 km border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint Martin) 10.2 km |
| Land use | - | arable land:
10% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 90% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | - | Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish |
| Legal system | - | based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral States or Staten (22 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 30 January 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, SPA 1, PDB 2, UPB 1, MAN 2, PLKP 3, WIPM 1, SEA 1, DP-St. M 2, FOL 2; no party won enough seats to form a government note: the government of Prime Minister Miguel POURIER is a coalition of several parties; current seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, FOL 2, MAN 2, UPB 2, DP-St. M 2, PDB 1, SEA 1, WIPM 1, other 4 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population:
74.94 years male: 72.76 years female: 77.22 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% (1981 est.) |
| Location | body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle | Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - one includes Curacao and Bonaire north of Venezuela; the other is east of the Virgin Islands |
| Map references | Arctic Region | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Maritime claims | - | exclusive fishing zone:
12 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | - | total:
123 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,113,774 GRT/1,397,841 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 35, chemical tanker 2, combination ore/oil 3, container 19, liquefied gas 4, multi-functional large-load carrier 19, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 28, roll on/roll off 7 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 8, Germany 1, Italy 1 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands |
| Military branches | - | Royal Netherlands Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, National Guard, Police Force |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
54,284 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
30,405 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 20 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
1,610 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | - | Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April |
| Nationality | - | noun:
Dutch Antillean(s) adjective: Dutch Antillean |
| Natural hazards | ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May | Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October |
| Natural resources | sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) | phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only) |
| Net migration rate | - | -0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | Antillean Restructuring Party or PAR [Miguel POURIER]; C 93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB [Jopi ABRAHAM]; Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ]; Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY]; Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics or FAME [Eric LODEWIJKS]; Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [Errol COVA]; National People's Party or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER]; New Antilles Movement or MAN [Kenneth GIJSBERTHA]; Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UPB [Ramon BOOI]; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten or SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.]; People's Party or PAPU [Richard Hodi]; Pro Curacao Party or PPK [Winston LOURENS]; Saba Democratic Labor Movement [Steve HASSELL]; Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS]; St. Eustatius Alliance or SEA [Kenneth VAN PUTTEN]; Serious Alternative People's Party or Sapp [Julian ROLLOCKS]; Social Action Cause or KAS [Benny DEMEI]; Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Will JOHNSTON]; Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, Rignald LAK, Editha WRIGHT]
note: political parties are indigenous to each island |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | NA |
| Population | - | 212,226 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | NA% |
| Population growth rate | - | 0.97% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) | Kralendijk, Philipsburg, Willemstad |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 9, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 217,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | - | Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Seventh-Day Adventist |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment:
generally adequate facilities domestic: extensive interisland microwave radio relay links international: submarine cables - 2; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 76,000 (1995) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 13,977 (1996) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 3 (there is also a cable service which supplies programs received from various US satellite networks and two Venezuelan channels) (1997) |
| Terrain | central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) | generally hilly, volcanic interiors |
| Total fertility rate | - | 2.07 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | 14.9% (1998 est.) |
| Waterways | - | none |
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